Basic Plots – Scriptwriting Secrets

the building blocks of your story: basic plots in scriptwriting

Crafting a compelling story may seem daunting, but starting with basic plots in scriptwriting can simplify the process. A basic plot serves as a sturdy framework that guides your story’s development, helping you stay on track. In fact, most successful stories follow one of these tried-and-true plot structures, each providing a familiar yet flexible blueprint.

Interestingly, these basic plots in scriptwriting have been used for centuries in literature, theater, and now film and television, serving as the backbone for countless narratives. Below are seven popular basic plots in scriptwriting that have shaped stories across all mediums.

1. Overcoming the Monster

In this plot, the protagonist faces a powerful adversary, fighting for survival or to restore balance. Interestingly, the “monster” doesn’t have to be a literal creature—it can also represent societal issues, inner demons, or even a corrupt system. For example, movies like Alien, Godzilla, and The Thing all revolve around a battle against a seemingly unbeatable foe. Ultimately, the story hinges on whether the protagonist can outsmart or overpower the adversary.

Additionally, the appeal of this basic plot in scriptwriting comes from the underdog scenario. The protagonist is often at a disadvantage, making their victory feel even more satisfying. Consider the classic tale of David and Goliath, where the underdog triumphs against overwhelming odds. This plot resonates with audiences because it taps into universal fears—fear of failure, fear of destruction—and ultimately offers hope through the triumph of the human spirit. Moreover, the monster can symbolize internal struggles, adding a psychological depth to this basic plot in scriptwriting.

2. Voyage and Return

This plot follows a protagonist who embarks on a journey, encounters challenges, and returns home transformed by their experiences. Along the way, they often grow emotionally or learn valuable lessons. A classic example of this basic plot in scriptwriting is The Hobbit, where Bilbo Baggins leaves his familiar world, faces dangers, and returns as a changed individual. As with many stories, the return home is just as crucial as the voyage itself.

Furthermore, the “voyage and return” structure allows writers to explore themes of growth and change. In many cases, the journey is both physical and metaphorical, with the protagonist facing not only external challenges but also internal struggles. For example, in The Lion King, Simba embarks on a journey of self-discovery, eventually returning home to reclaim his place as king. This is a basic plot in scriptwriting that transforms both the character and the world they inhabit.

3. Rags to Riches

In the Rags to Riches plot, the protagonist rises from a humble or difficult situation to achieve greatness, often through personal growth or self-discovery. Typically, this structure highlights how perseverance and talent can lead to success. For instance, stories like Cinderella and Aladdin showcase protagonists who start from nothing and end up achieving greatness, often in the form of wealth, love, or power.

However, this plot isn’t just about material wealth. At its core, this basic plot in scriptwriting is about personal transformation. The protagonist evolves, not just financially but emotionally and morally. Consider Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations, where Pip’s rise to wealth is accompanied by personal growth, as he learns the value of loyalty, love, and integrity. Moreover, these stories often feature a mentor or guide figure, reinforcing that success is not achieved alone but through collaboration and support.

4. The Quest

A Quest plot centers around the protagonist’s pursuit of a specific goal, whether it’s a person, object, or piece of knowledge. However, the journey is never easy—the protagonist faces numerous challenges and obstacles that test their resolve. For example, Indiana Jones’ adventures are classic quest stories, where the hero must navigate through dangers to find a valuable artifact. In essence, the journey becomes as important as the prize itself.

Additionally, this basic plot in scriptwriting offers rich opportunities for character development. As the protagonist faces challenges, they are forced to confront their weaknesses, test their strengths, and make difficult moral choices. For instance, in The Lord of the Rings, Frodo’s quest to destroy the One Ring is fraught with danger, but it’s also a journey of personal growth, where he learns about courage, friendship, and sacrifice. This basic plot in scriptwriting allows for both external action and internal reflection, making it one of the most versatile plot structures.

5. Comedy

Comedy revolves around misunderstandings, miscommunications, and chaotic events that create a web of complications. Yet, despite the confusion, the plot usually ends on a happy or satisfying note. For instance, Bridget Jones’ Diary exemplifies this basic plot in scriptwriting, as the protagonist stumbles through romantic misadventures, only to find love in the end. Overall, comedy works because of the lighthearted resolution that contrasts with the earlier mishaps.

Moreover, comedies often use satire and humor to critique societal norms or highlight human follies. In many cases, the humor comes from exaggerated characters or absurd situations, making the audience laugh while also providing commentary on real-life issues. For example, in The Grand Budapest Hotel, the quirky characters and whimsical plotlines offer both entertainment and a satirical take on historical events. This basic plot in scriptwriting offers a fun and engaging way to explore complex themes.

6. Tragedy

Tragedy focuses on a protagonist whose flaws or mistakes lead to their downfall. Unlike other plots, tragedy often ends in sorrow or loss, offering a cautionary tale about the consequences of human frailty. For instance, in Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the protagonist’s ambition ultimately causes his ruin. Thus, this basic plot in scriptwriting reminds us of the high price that can come with unchecked desires or poor decisions.

Additionally, tragedy allows for complex character exploration, as the protagonist’s downfall is usually a result of their internal flaws. Whether it’s hubris, greed, or jealousy, these flaws drive the narrative, leading to a tragic yet inevitable conclusion. Furthermore, tragedies often evoke strong emotions from the audience, encouraging reflection on the darker aspects of human nature, making this a powerful basic plot in scriptwriting.

7. Rebirth

In the Rebirth plot, the protagonist goes through a transformation, either by overcoming their flaws or by being saved by someone or something external. Usually, these stories emphasize redemption or second chances. A well-known example is Beauty and the Beast, where both characters undergo personal growth and transformation, leading to a hopeful and uplifting resolution. Ultimately, this basic plot in scriptwriting speaks to our belief in the possibility of change and renewal.

Moreover, the rebirth plot often explores themes of forgiveness and redemption. In many cases, the protagonist’s transformation is sparked by an external event or relationship, allowing them to grow into a better version of themselves. Consider Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, where Ebenezer Scrooge’s encounter with the ghosts of Christmas transforms him from a miserly old man into a generous and kind-hearted individual. Thus, the rebirth plot offers hope that even the most flawed characters can find redemption.

Conclusion: Embrace Familiar Structures Using Basic Plots in Scriptwriting

There are cases where breaking the rules can work to your advantage. For instance, some writers intentionally subvert genre expectations to surprise or challenge their audience. Take Quentin Tarantino’s films, for example, where violent action and dark humor often mix unexpectedly. Nevertheless, be careful—subverting expectations is a tricky art. In order to do this effectively, you have to understand the rules of the genre first.

If you’re a beginner or intermediate writer, it’s best to stick with the established rules of your chosen genre. Once you master the basics, and as you grow more confident, you can begin to experiment.

Final Thoughts

These basic plots in scriptwriting serve as valuable blueprints for your story, providing a foundation that helps engage your audience from start to finish. Interestingly, nearly every story, no matter how complex or unique, can trace its roots back to one of these basic plots in scriptwriting. And while it might seem like you’re using a formula, that’s not necessarily a bad thing. 

After all, audiences connect with familiar story structures, and it’s the nuances, characters, and personal touches you add that make each story stand out. So, don’t feel the need to reinvent the wheel—embracing these well-established structures can actually make your script more relatable and compelling.

If you found this content interesting, make sure to check out our previous post on the subject: Genre in Scriptwriting!